{"code":"CIV","codeName":"Civil Code","section":"[1428.]","citation":"Civ. Code, § [1428.]","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"DIVISION 3. OBLIGATIONS [1427. - 3273.91.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-3"},{"name":"PART 1. OBLIGATIONS IN GENERAL [1427. - 1543.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-3/part-1"},{"name":"TITLE 1. DEFINITION OF OBLIGATIONS [1427. - [1428.]]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-3/part-1/title-1"}],"history":"Amended by Code Amendments 1873-74, Ch. 612.","effective":null,"html":"<p /> Section Fourteen Hundred and Twenty-eight. An obligation arises either from:<p>One—The contract of the parties; or,</p><p>Two—The operation of law. An obligation arising from operation of law may be enforced in the manner provided by law, or by civil action or proceeding.</p>","text":"Section Fourteen Hundred and Twenty-eight. An obligation arises either from: One—The contract of the parties; or, Two—The operation of law. An obligation arising from operation of law may be enforced in the manner provided by law, or by civil action or proceeding.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/definition-of-obligations-1427-1428-1428","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}