{"code":"CIV","codeName":"Civil Code","section":"1659","citation":"Civ. Code, § 1659","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"DIVISION 3. OBLIGATIONS [1427. - 3273.91.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-3"},{"name":"PART 2. CONTRACTS [1549. - 1701.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-3/part-2"},{"name":"TITLE 3. INTERPRETATION OF CONTRACTS [1635. - 1663.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-3/part-2/title-3"}],"history":"Enacted 1872.","effective":null,"html":"<p>Where all the parties who unite in a promise receive some benefit from the consideration, whether past or present, their promise is presumed to be joint and several.</p>","text":"Where all the parties who unite in a promise receive some benefit from the consideration, whether past or present, their promise is presumed to be joint and several.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/interpretation-of-contracts-1659","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}