{"code":"CIV","codeName":"Civil Code","section":"3431","citation":"Civ. Code, § 3431","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"DIVISION 4. GENERAL PROVISIONS [3274. - 9566.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-4"},{"name":"PART 2. SPECIAL RELATIONS OF DEBTOR AND CREDITOR [3429. - 3449.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-4/part-2"},{"name":"TITLE 1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES [3429. - 3434.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-4/part-2/title-1"}],"history":"Enacted 1872.","effective":null,"html":"<p>In the absence of fraud, every contract of a debtor is valid against all his creditors, existing or subsequent, who have not acquired a lien on the property affected by such contract.</p>","text":"In the absence of fraud, every contract of a debtor is valid against all his creditors, existing or subsequent, who have not acquired a lien on the property affected by such contract.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/general-principles-3431","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}