{"code":"CIV","codeName":"Civil Code","section":"3543","citation":"Civ. Code, § 3543","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"DIVISION 4. GENERAL PROVISIONS [3274. - 9566.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-4"},{"name":"PART 4. MAXIMS OF JURISPRUDENCE [3509. - 3548.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-4/part-4"}],"history":"Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 812, Sec. 10.   (AB 1899)   Effective January 1, 2025.","effective":"2025-01-01","html":"<p>Where one of two innocent persons must suffer by the act of a third, the person, by whose negligence it happened, must be the sufferer.</p>","text":"Where one of two innocent persons must suffer by the act of a third, the person, by whose negligence it happened, must be the sufferer.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/maxims-of-jurisprudence-3543","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}