{"code":"CIV","codeName":"Civil Code","section":"4540","citation":"Civ. Code, § 4540","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"DIVISION 4. GENERAL PROVISIONS [3274. - 9566.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-4"},{"name":"PART 5. Common Interest Developments [4000. - 6150.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-4/part-5"},{"name":"CHAPTER 4. Ownership and Transfer of Interests [4500. - 4650.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-4/part-5/chapter-4"},{"name":"ARTICLE 2. Transfer Disclosure [4525. - 4545.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/division-4/part-5/chapter-4/article-2"}],"history":"Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2.   (AB 805)   Effective January 1, 2013.   Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.","effective":"2013-01-01","html":"<p>Any person who willfully violates this article is liable to the purchaser of a separate interest that is subject to this section for actual damages occasioned thereby and, in addition, shall pay a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed five hundred dollars ($500). In an action to enforce this liability, the prevailing party shall be awarded reasonable attorney’s fees. </p>","text":"Any person who willfully violates this article is liable to the purchaser of a separate interest that is subject to this section for actual damages occasioned thereby and, in addition, shall pay a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed five hundred dollars ($500). In an action to enforce this liability, the prevailing party shall be awarded reasonable attorney’s fees.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/civil-code/transfer-disclosure-4540","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}