{"code":"CCP","codeName":"Code of Civil Procedure","section":"31","citation":"Code Civ. Proc., § 31","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS","url":"https://blackletter.si/code-of-civil-procedure/preliminary-provisions"}],"history":"Enacted 1872.","effective":null,"html":"<p>The Penal Code defines and provides for the prosecution of a criminal action.</p>","text":"The Penal Code defines and provides for the prosecution of a criminal action.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/code-of-civil-procedure/preliminary-provisions-31","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}