{"code":"CCP","codeName":"Code of Civil Procedure","section":"34","citation":"Code Civ. Proc., § 34","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS","url":"https://blackletter.si/code-of-civil-procedure/preliminary-provisions"}],"history":"Added by Stats. 2015, Ch. 32, Sec. 2.   (AB 432)   Effective January 1, 2016.","effective":"2016-01-01","html":"<p>An electronic signature, as defined in Section <a href=\"/ccp/17\">17</a>, by a court or judicial officer shall be as effective as an original signature.</p>","text":"An electronic signature, as defined in Section 17, by a court or judicial officer shall be as effective as an original signature.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/code-of-civil-procedure/preliminary-provisions-34","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}