{"code":"EVID","codeName":"Evidence Code","section":"1411","citation":"Evid. Code, § 1411","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"DIVISION 11. WRITINGS [1400. - 1605.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/evidence-code/division-11"},{"name":"CHAPTER 1. Authentication and Proof of Writings [1400. - 1454.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/evidence-code/division-11/chapter-1"},{"name":"ARTICLE 2. Means of Authenticating and Proving Writings [1410. - 1421.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/evidence-code/division-11/chapter-1/article-2"}],"history":"Enacted by Stats. 1965, Ch. 299.","effective":null,"html":"<p>Except as provided by statute, the testimony of a subscribing witness is not required to authenticate a writing.</p>","text":"Except as provided by statute, the testimony of a subscribing witness is not required to authenticate a writing.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/evidence-code/means-of-authenticating-and-proving-writings-1411","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}