{"code":"EVID","codeName":"Evidence Code","section":"1452","citation":"Evid. Code, § 1452","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"DIVISION 11. WRITINGS [1400. - 1605.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/evidence-code/division-11"},{"name":"CHAPTER 1. Authentication and Proof of Writings [1400. - 1454.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/evidence-code/division-11/chapter-1"},{"name":"ARTICLE 3. Presumptions Affecting Acknowledged Writings and Official Writings [1450. - 1454.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/evidence-code/division-11/chapter-1/article-3"}],"history":"Enacted by Stats. 1965, Ch. 299.","effective":null,"html":"<p>A seal is presumed to be genuine and its use authorized if it purports to be the seal of:</p><p>(a) The United States or a department, agency, or public employee of the United States.</p><p>(b) A public entity in the United States or a department, agency, or public employee of such public entity.</p><p>(c) A nation recognized by the executive power of the United States or a department, agency, or officer of such nation.</p><p>(d) A public entity in a nation recognized by the executive power of the United States or a department, agency, or officer of such public entity.</p><p>(e) A court of admiralty or maritime jurisdiction.</p><p>(f) A notary public within any state of the United States.</p>","text":"A seal is presumed to be genuine and its use authorized if it purports to be the seal of: (a) The United States or a department, agency, or public employee of the United States. (b) A public entity in the United States or a department, agency, or public employee of such public entity. (c) A nation recognized by the executive power of the United States or a department, agency, or officer of such nation. (d) A public entity in a nation recognized by the executive power of the United States or a department, agency, or officer of such public entity. (e) A court of admiralty or maritime jurisdiction. (f) A notary public within any state of the United States.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/evidence-code/presumptions-affecting-acknowledged-writings-and-official-1452","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}