{"code":"FAM","codeName":"Family Code","section":"8524","citation":"Fam. Code, § 8524","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"DIVISION 13. ADOPTION [8500. - 9340.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/family-code/division-13"},{"name":"PART 1. DEFINITIONS [8500. - 8548.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/family-code/division-13/part-1"}],"history":"Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 35, Sec. 7.   (SB 1013)   Effective June 27, 2012.","effective":"2012-06-27","html":"<p>“Independent adoption” means the adoption of a child in which neither the department, county adoption agency, nor agency licensed by the department is a party to, or joins in, the adoption petition.</p>","text":"“Independent adoption” means the adoption of a child in which neither the department, county adoption agency, nor agency licensed by the department is a party to, or joins in, the adoption petition.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/family-code/definitions-8524","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}