{"code":"GOV","codeName":"Government Code","section":"82031","citation":"Gov. Code, § 82031","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"TITLE 9. POLITICAL REFORM [81000. - 91014.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/government-code/title-9"},{"name":"CHAPTER 2. Definitions [82000. - 82054.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/government-code/title-9/chapter-2"}],"history":"Amended by Stats. 2009, Ch. 363, Sec. 2.   (AB 9)   Effective January 1, 2010.","effective":"2010-01-01","html":"<p>“Independent expenditure” means an expenditure made by any person, including a payment of public moneys by a state or local governmental agency, in connection with a communication which expressly advocates the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate or the qualification, passage or defeat of a clearly identified measure, or taken as a whole and in context, unambiguously urges a particular result in an election but which is not made to or at the behest of the affected candidate or committee.</p>","text":"“Independent expenditure” means an expenditure made by any person, including a payment of public moneys by a state or local governmental agency, in connection with a communication which expressly advocates the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate or the qualification, passage or defeat of a clearly identified measure, or taken as a whole and in context, unambiguously urges a particular result in an election but which is not made to or at the behest of the affected candidate or committee.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/government-code/definitions-82031","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}