{"code":"HNC","codeName":"Harbors and Navigation Code","section":"422","citation":"Harb. & Nav. Code, § 422","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"DIVISION 3. VESSELS [399. - 786.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/harbors-and-navigation-code/division-3"},{"name":"CHAPTER 1. Vessels Generally [399. - 449.5.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/harbors-and-navigation-code/division-3/chapter-1"},{"name":"ARTICLE 2. Liability, Generally [420. - 432.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/harbors-and-navigation-code/division-3/chapter-1/article-2"}],"history":"Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.","effective":null,"html":"<p>Perils of the sea are:</p><p>(a) Storms and waves.</p><p>(b) Rocks, shoals, and rapids.</p><p>(c) Other obstacles, though of human origin.</p><p>(d) Changes of climate.</p><p>(e) The confinement necessary at sea.</p><p>(f) Animals peculiar to the sea.</p><p>(g) All other dangers peculiar to the sea.</p>","text":"Perils of the sea are: (a) Storms and waves. (b) Rocks, shoals, and rapids. (c) Other obstacles, though of human origin. (d) Changes of climate. (e) The confinement necessary at sea. (f) Animals peculiar to the sea. (g) All other dangers peculiar to the sea.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/harbors-and-navigation-code/liability-generally-422","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}