{"code":"PEN","codeName":"Penal Code","section":"186.23","citation":"Pen. Code, § 186.23","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"PART 1. OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS [25. - 680.4.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/part-1"},{"name":"TITLE 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE [92. - 186.36.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/part-1/title-7"},{"name":"CHAPTER 11. Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act [186.20. - 186.36.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/part-1/title-7/chapter-11"}],"history":"Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1256, Sec. 1.   Effective September 26, 1988.","effective":"1988-09-26","html":"<p>This chapter does not apply to employees engaged in concerted activities for their mutual aid and protection, or the activities of labor organizations or their members or agents.</p>","text":"This chapter does not apply to employees engaged in concerted activities for their mutual aid and protection, or the activities of labor organizations or their members or agents.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/street-terrorism-enforcement-and-prevention-act-186-23","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}