{"code":"PEN","codeName":"Penal Code","section":"241.8","citation":"Pen. Code, § 241.8","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"PART 1. OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS [25. - 680.4.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/part-1"},{"name":"TITLE 8. OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON [187. - 248.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/part-1/title-8"},{"name":"CHAPTER 9. Assault and Battery [240. - 248.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/part-1/title-8/chapter-9"}],"history":"Added by Stats. 2003, Ch. 138, Sec. 1.   Effective January 1, 2004.","effective":"2004-01-01","html":"<p>(a) Any person who commits an assault against a member of the United States Armed Forces because of the victim’s service in the United States Armed Forces shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars ($2,000), by imprisonment in a county jail for a period not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.</p><p>(b) “Because of” means that the bias motivation must be a cause in fact of the assault, whether or not other causes exist. When multiple concurrent motives exist, the prohibited bias must be a substantial factor in bringing about the assault.</p>","text":"(a) Any person who commits an assault against a member of the United States Armed Forces because of the victim’s service in the United States Armed Forces shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars ($2,000), by imprisonment in a county jail for a period not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (b) “Because of” means that the bias motivation must be a cause in fact of the assault, whether or not other causes exist. When multiple concurrent motives exist, the prohibited bias must be a substantial factor in bringing about the assault.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/assault-and-battery-241-8","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}