{"code":"PEN","codeName":"Penal Code","section":"422.9","citation":"Pen. Code, § 422.9","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"PART 1. OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS [25. - 680.4.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/part-1"},{"name":"TITLE 11.6. CIVIL RIGHTS [422.55. - 422.94.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/part-1/title-11.6"},{"name":"CHAPTER 3. General Provisions [422.88. - 422.94.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/part-1/title-11.6/chapter-3"}],"history":"Repealed and added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 700, Sec. 18.   Effective January 1, 2005.","effective":"2005-01-01","html":"<p>All state and local agencies shall use the definition of “hate crime” set forth in subdivision (a) of Section <a href=\"/pen/422.55\">422.55</a> exclusively, except as other explicit provisions of state or federal law may require otherwise.</p>","text":"All state and local agencies shall use the definition of “hate crime” set forth in subdivision (a) of Section 422.55 exclusively, except as other explicit provisions of state or federal law may require otherwise.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/general-provisions-422-9","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}