{"code":"PEN","codeName":"Penal Code","section":"865","citation":"Pen. Code, § 865","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"PART 2. OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE [681. - 1620.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/part-2"},{"name":"TITLE 3. ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS REGARDING CRIMINAL PROCEDURE [777. - 883.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/part-2/title-3"},{"name":"CHAPTER 7. Examination of the Case, and Discharge of the Defendant, or Holding Him to Answer [858. - 883.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/part-2/title-3/chapter-7"}],"history":"Enacted 1872.","effective":null,"html":"<p>The witnesses must be examined in the presence of the defendant, and may be cross-examined in his behalf.</p>","text":"The witnesses must be examined in the presence of the defendant, and may be cross-examined in his behalf.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/penal-code/examination-of-the-case-and-discharge-of-the-defendant-or-865","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}