{"code":"PROB","codeName":"Probate Code","section":"12","citation":"Prob. Code, § 12","status":"in-force","lawOn":"2026-09-28","headings":[{"name":"DIVISION 1. PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS [1. - 88.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/probate-code/division-1"},{"name":"PART 1. PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS [1. - 13.]","url":"https://blackletter.si/probate-code/division-1/part-1"}],"history":"Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.","effective":null,"html":"<p>“Shall” is mandatory and “may” is permissive.</p>","text":"“Shall” is mandatory and “may” is permissive.","otherVersions":[],"url":"https://blackletter.si/probate-code/preliminary-provisions-12","source":"California Legislative Information bulk export (pubinfo)"}